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englische Inhalte, Finalversion für 2014
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@ -225,4 +225,175 @@ Wenn ihr Fragen habt, stellt diese dem leitendem Tutor.
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\item (evtl. Informationen zur Neustadt geben als Abschluss)
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\end{itemize*}
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\chapter{English content}
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\section{1. Altmarkt}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item oldest market square in Dresden, called „Altmarkt“ since the building of the „Neumarkt“ 500 years ago
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\item surrounded by residential and commercial buildings
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\item various events take place at this square through the hole year (e.g. „Striezelmarkt“, one of the oldest christmas markets in germany)
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item largest church in saxony (over 3.000 seats) „Kreuzkirche“
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\item destroyed several times but always rebuilt
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\end{itemize*}
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\item „Kulturpalast“
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item event location for concerts etc., first opened in 1969
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\item currently under reconstruction to achieve better acoustics
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\item on the side: mural „Weg der roten Fahne“, cultural monument
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\end{itemize*}
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{2. Residenzschloss}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item residence of the electors of saxony and the saxon kings between 1547 and 1918
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\item one of the oldest and most significant buildings in Dresden, all architectual styles from romanesque to historism are represented
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\item burned down during WW2, rebuilding started in 1985
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\item toady 5 museums are located inside the building:
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item the historical and the new „Grünes Gewölbe“
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\item Münzkabinett („coin cabinet“)
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\item Kupferstichhkabinett („copper engraving“)
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\item Rüstkammer Türkische Kammer („armory turkish chamber“)
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\end{itemize*}
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\end{itemize*}
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\subsection{Sidefacts Residenzschloss}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item after WW2 a fungus culture was located in some parts of the basement, atleast for several years
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\item after the reopening of the historical „Grünes Gewölbe“ in 2006 the visitors had to buy their tickets one year in advance because of very high interest
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\item during events inside the courtyard it is (mostly) not allowed to serve red wine because of the white freestone floor
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{3. Cholerabrunnen}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item also called Gutschmid-Spring, baron Eugen von Gutschmid paid for it
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\item built in thanks that Dresden was spared by the cholera epidemics in the 19th century
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{4. Zwinger}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item built during 1709-1732 by famous architect Pöppelmann
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\item commissioned by August the Strong, a lover of art and pleasure, who strove to be like Louis XIV, despite not being a proficient combat leader or politician, and, on top of that, not being good with money
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\item meant to be a place for festivals of the court and as a orangery for the orange trees
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\item „Zwinger“ refers to defensive fortification: space between inner and outer castle wall
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\item August III loved Art even more than his father so he let Gottfried Semper build the fourth side as an art gallery (today it’s home of the “Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister”)
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\item there are as well the electoral porcelain collection and „Mathematisch-Physischer Salon“ (Royal cabinet of Mathematical and Phyiscal Instruments)
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„Nymphenbad“, a baroque fountain \textit{(verlassen des Zwingers durch das Nymphenbad)}
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\item one can hear the porcelain bells chime every 15 minutes
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{5. Semperoper / Theaterplatz}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item Opera house of the Saxon State Opera of Dresden
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\item the Dresden philharmonics are known as one of the best orchestras of the world
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\item named after architect Gottfried Semper
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\item build 1871-78 (after 1869 the old Theater house burned down)
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\item based on designs by G. Semper, but built by his son since he was in exile
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\item completely destroyed in WW2, reconstruction began in 1977
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\item Reopened at 13th February 1985 (40th anniversary of the bombing) with „Der Freischütz“ by Carl Maria von Weber (the last presented show before closing at the 31th august 1944)
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\item On/around Theaterplatz:
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item Bronze statue of Saxon king Johann (built 1889)
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\item Fountain and Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Memorial
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\item „Italian village“
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\end{itemize*}
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\end{itemize*}
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\subsection{Sidefacts Semperoper / Theaterplatz}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item as the Opera is shown in the advertisement for Radeberger beer, lots of people think it’s the brewery
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\item In the time of nationalism the Theatersquare was called Adolf-Hitler-square
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{6. Cathedral (Court Church)}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item cathedral of the diocese Dresden-Meißen (since 1980) and one of Dresdens parish churches
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\item build under the reign of Augustus II the Strong by Gaetano Chiaveri between 1739 and 1755 in a baroque style
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\item has a passage to the Duke's residence
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\item during the Second World War heavily damaged but used for services already in June 1945 (Bennos Chapel only, later left sidewing aswell) since 1962 completely rebuild and completely useable
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\end{itemize*}
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\subsection{Sidefacts Cathedral}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item main reason for building the cathedral: while Saxony is mostly protestant, a catholic curch was required because August the Strong wanted to become King of Poland (for that he had to become catholic himself)
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\item in the crypts many Wettin Kings and their families were entombed
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\item the heart of August the Strong can be found in a capsule in the Stifters crypt „Stiftergruft“
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{7. Fürstenzug (Procession of Princes)}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item consists of ca. 23000 tiles of Meissen porcelain
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\item 102 meters in length
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\item it is a gallery of ancestral portraits of Kings, Counts, Dukes and Electors which lived between 1127 and 1904
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\item luckily it took only minimal damage during the Second World War (the porcelain resisted the high temperatures)
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\end{itemize*}
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\newpage
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\section{8. Frauenkirche}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item most famous landmark of the city
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\item destroyed during an air-raid on Dresden in WWII, but not directly by bombs
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item bombs got deflected by its dome, but the subsequent firstorm made the stone porous, leading to its collapse two days later
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\item destruction marked the last part of „Old Dresden“ being destroyed: Yielded high symbolic value
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\end{itemize*}
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\item in the GDR it was a memorial against war
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\item the restoration, mostly financed through donations, was finished in 2005
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\item unique in the world: the dome is curved to the inside – so it looks like a bell
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\item Black stones, which make up 43\% of the church, are remains of the original church (none used in dome due to importance of stability)
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\item the new cross on top of the church was made by son of a British bomber pilot who participated in the air-raid
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{9. Castle Dresden}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item firstly mentioned in 1299
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\item it included the inner old town of Dresden (Prager Straße) and the inner new town(Alberts square or ca. 300 meters from the Golden Cavalier)
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\item five city gates, a lot of smaller and bigger towers
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\item dismantled until 1811, today you can barely see any fortifications
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\item since 1992 a museum exists in the restored part of the fortifications of the Dresden
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{10. Brühl's Terrace and surroundings}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item Sometimes called „Balcony of Europe“ due to gorgeous view on the river Elbe and due to proximity to historically important buildings such as the Albertinum, Johanneum, Academy of Fine Arts (also called „Zitronenpresse“, „Lemon Squeezer“)
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\item Count Brühl transformed castle walls to his own, private pleasure garden in the 18th century
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\item features “Filmnächte am Elbufer”, concerts and movie screenings during summer
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\item Saxon steam navigation
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item oldest, biggest paddle streamer fleet in the world
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\item 9 paddle streamers, of which 7 date back to the years 1879-1898
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\item Rides up to Bad Schandau, offers tourist tours
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\end{itemize*}
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\item two “Jahunderthochwasser”, (flood of the century) of the Elbe in 2002 and 2013 causing damages in the entirety of Dresden and surroundings
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{11. Augustus' Bridge}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item first and oldest stonebridge across the Elbe - it replaced a wooden bridge in 1275
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\item with 25 arches it was one of the longest bridges in Germany back then
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\item Augustus the Strong decided to expand the bridge in 1729 (again by Pöppelmann), because of increasing traffic - modeled to look like the Charles Bridge which is located in Prague
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\item completely rebuild in 1907 because it was to small for the tram and to low for ships - the reconstructors kept to Pöppelmanns plans and rebuild it with sandstone
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\item after the Second World War it was - without reason - partly blown up and then rebuild
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\item from 2016 on no cars will be allowed cross the bridge because by then the Alberts Bridge (Albertbrücke) will be made fit for traffic once again
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{12. Japanese Palace}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item today: museum for ethnology and natural history
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\item the highlight: the „Damaskuszimmer“ (Damascus chamber/room) - elaborately adorned entranceroom of a Damascene residential house
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\item earlier it was a library of the Elector of Saxony which later omitted in the regional library of Saxony
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\item build in 1715 for Jakob Heinrich Count of Flemming by Rudolph Faesch - back then it was only a cottage which doesn't exist anymore
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\item the palace aroused especially the interest of Augustus the Strong
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\item from 1727 to 1733 the building got reconstructed until it looked liek it looks today
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\item took several damage during the Seven Years' War(between 1754 and 1763) and the Second World War
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\end{itemize*}
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\section{13. Golden Cavalier}
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\begin{itemize*}
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\item in 1736 the monument got revealed (3 year after the death of Augustus the Strong)
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\item once it was fire gilded, later it was refurbished with beaten gold
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\item you can give some information the „Neustadt“ afterwards
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\end{itemize*}
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\end{document}
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